giovedì 13 marzo 2014
Rendimenti btp in picchiata
Titoli di stato o immobili all'estero ?
La domanda di per se è mal posta ma questo è quello che mi è stato chiesto in un meeting con degli investitori.
Il grafico è eloquente! Se si ragiona, in una ottica di medio lungo periodo, l'investimento immobiliare all'estero ben selezionato e ponderato, risulta sicuramente vincente.La rendita da affitto è sempre superiore al rendimento del decennale pubblicato in tabella e a questa va aggiunta la rivalutazione dell'immobile.
Quali sono le tue considerazioni a riguardo ?
Nuove Imposizioni sui prodotti finanziari
Ecco le nuove tassazioni sui proventi finanziari.
Visti i rendimenti, viste la tasse, visto l'euro e viste le prospettive, perché non acquistare un bell'immobile all'estero ?
#CS Consulting
#immobiliestero
#propertyfinder
Doppia Imposizione
AVVERTENZA AI PENSIONANDI E PENSIONATI INPS CHE INTENDONO TRASFERIRSI IN BRASILE:
Si paga 2 volte la tassa Irpef sullo stesso unico cespite da pensione; - Si pagano ancora le addizionali all'Irpef.
Pubblico integralmente la nota lasciata su Linkedin dell'amico Angelo Danzi da anni in Brasile ed impegnato tra l'altro sul fronte pensioni .
L'ennesima interrogazione parlamentare per quanto in avvertenza e presentata recentemente dall'On. Fabio Porta è andata buca! Ha avuto lo stesso risultato negativo delle precedenti 5!
Si continua quindi ad essere tassati 2 volte e le Istituzioni preposte: Inps-Patronati-Agenzia delle Entrate-Ministero delle Finanze continuano a disinformare! E' dal 2000 che questa storia sta penalizzando i circa 11.000 Pensionati Inps residenti in Brasile. Anche le diverse decine di ricorsi individuali sono stati accantonati dai Tribunali Amministrativi Provinciali. E' evidente che è in piedi un disegno ben preciso per "fare cassa" sulle spalle dei deboli anche perchè lontani.
La convenzione in essere, firmata nel 1978 e diventata legge nel 1980 in Italia, è stata applicata correttamente fino al 1999 (20 anni) attraverso l'art. 19.4 poi l'Italia unilateralmente ha iniziato ad applicare l'art 18.2 senza concordare nulla con il Brasile. Insomma.....uno schifo!!
Il continuo richiamo a tutti noi semplici cittadini Italiani dei nostri Politici tutti e dei Rappresentanti delle nostre massime Istituzioni Pubbliche tutte di "smettere di fare i furbi" è ridicolo! E' proprio il caso di affermare da parte nostra: MA DA CHE PULPITO CI ARRIVA LA PREDICA!
Eccovi il link del commento dell'On. Fabio Porta alla risposta negativa del Parlamento Italiano...è evidente che non c'è la volontà politica nel nel Centro Destra che nel Centro Sinistra!
Import Tax in Brazil
The importation taxation treatment is the taxation incident over the entrance of foreign goods in customs territory. In Brazil the taxes levied on this type of products are:
- In Portuguese Import Tax is named Imposto sobre a Importação and often referred to by the abbreviation II.
II is one of the components of the Brazilian customs taxes, just like IE.
Import duties are charged when foreign products enter the country. The taxpayer is usually the importer, but in some cases the taxpayer could be the buyer. The function of import taxes is purely economic or regulatory and it's different for each good. The values of the II rates can be found in the Tarifa Externa Comum, also known as TEC/NCM, the Common External Tariff established by Mercosur.
TEC establishes the non-existence of Import Tax (zero rate) to trade activities between Mercosur members, but when imports involves a third country – that's not a member – TEC is applied. The tax rate varies from 0 to 20%, depending on the goods involved in the transaction.
- In Portuguese Tax on Industrialized Products is named Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados and often referred to by the abbreviation IPI.
The Tax on Industrialized Products applies for national and foreign products which have been modified in some way for consumption or use. The basis of calculation is the retail sales price in Brazil; for imports, it is the sales price of the good and the import duty, plus other required fees.
IPI is used as incentive for or discouragement of the consumption of some goods, and it has been decreased for the sale of products such as the low-end appliances, furniture and cars. The rates vary from zero to 20%.
- In Portuguese Additional Freight for the Renovation of the Merchant Marine is named Adicional de Frete para Renovação da Marinha Mercante and often referred to by the abbreviation AFRMM.
It's a Brazilian tax created to support the development of the merchant marine and of the construction and recovery of the Brazilian naval industry.
The tax is levied upon unloading operations at all Brazilian maritime ports. However, there are a few exceptions where AFRMM does not apply:
- Unloading of goods from Mercosul.
- River or Lake transportation except liquid goods in bulk form transported to the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.
The freight value is the calculation basis for this tax. The AFRMM rate is charged as follows:
- 25% for long distance sea transport
- 10% for coastal transport
- 40% for the river and lake transportation of liquid goods in bulk form transported to the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.
- Brazil is a country of many taxes and that’s no surprise for anyone. The Contribuição sobre Intervenção do Domínio Econônomico (best known as CIDE) is an important and complex tax levied on some specific products in Brazil. The article will outline the main aspects of this tax and how it’s applied throughout the country.
What is CIDE?
The CIDE is the abbreviation of Contribuição sobre Intervenção no Domínio Econômico, which is a contribution of Intervention in the Economic Domain can be levied in many areas of the economy. The contribution is always for the improvement or activities linked to the sector in which its incident.
The contributions of Intervention in the Economic Domain have always been a subject of controversy within the National Tax Code regarding its taxation nature. With the 1988 Constitution, Chapter I, The National Tax System in art. 149, established that such contributions are compulsory and therefore are taxes. The CIDEs, are used as an instrument of economic policy to deal with certain situations that require intervention from the State in the economy.
Types of CIDEs
CIDE is also a responsibile for the Brazilian Government and works as an instrument for State economic intervention, there are a few types of CIDEs that are in force in Brazil nowadays:
CIDE - Remittances to Abroad
| CIDE | CIDE - Remessas para o Exterior/CIDE - Royalties or CIDE - Remittances to Abroad |
| Taxable Event | Payments of amounts to residents abroad, by a source located in Brazil, such as payment of royalties, technical services, copyrights, and other compensation derived from contractual obligations involving technology transference. |
| Taxpayers | Holders of use or exploitation licenses and signatories of technology transference agreements. |
| Calculation Basis | Value paid or remitted to abroad. |
| Rate | 10% |
| Designation | Financing of Science and Technology Programs, research incentives and technological innovation. |
CIDE - Fuels
| CIDE | CIDE - Combustíveis or CIDE - Fuels |
| Taxable Event | Importation and Commercialization of oil, natural gas and others fuels in the internal market. |
| Taxpayers | Fuel Producers and/or Importers. |
| Calculation Basis | Measure unity, the m³, ton. |
| Rate | Has an specific rate, a amount of BRL by m³ or by ton.
|
| Designation | Financing of Environmental Projects, Projects for Transport Infrastructure and Payments of subsidies for fuels prices and transportation. |
FUST and Funttel
| CIDE | FUST and Funttel |
| Taxable Event | Generation of telecommunication for public or private services. |
| Taxpayers | Companies that are Service Providers of telecommunication services in Brazil. |
| Calculation Basis | Gross Revenue of the Companies. |
| Rate | 1.0% for FUST 0.5% for Funttel |
| Designation | Both are funds turned to the development and implementation of the telecommunication sector in Brazil, in order to make telecommunication services universal in the country. |
- In Portuguese State Tax on Circulation of Goods and Services is namedImposto Sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços and often referred to by the abbreviation ICMS .
ICMS is the Brazilian tax charged upon sales, services, movement of goods, transportation and communication services, and supplying of any goods.
The tax is paid by legal entities and citizens responsible for the commercialization of any good, importation of goods, acquisition of products seized by customs and acquisition of petroleum products derived from other countries.
Since ICMS is a state tax, it's up to each Brazilian State to establish their own tax rate, which means that the ICMS rate varies among the states of Brazil. In 2013, the rates of ICMS were:
- 17% in Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sergipe e Tocantins.
- 18% in Minas Gerais, Paraná and São Paulo.
- 19% in Rio de Janeiro.
To calculate any type of tax levied on importations, it is mandatory to know the customs value of the foreign goods. According to the Customs Regulation, which can be found in the Decree No. 6.759 - all products subjected to import customs clearance are conditioned to customs value according to rules established by the Agreement Over Customs Valuation from GATT.
Import Tax
The customs valuation is very important because it works as a calculation basis for the Import tax. The import tax is a federal tax that exists mainly for economic regulation and protection. It’s levied on foreign products in order to prevent unfair competition with Brazilian products.
The Brazilian import tax varies according to the products' characteristics and country of origin. Its rates are established by the TEC - Common External Tariff - a customs tariff shared by Mercosur countries and is based on the Mercosur Common Nomenclature (NCM).
TEC defines the non-existence of Import Tax for trade activities between Mercosur members, but is applied to countries that aren’t part of the economic bloc. The Import Tax varies from 0 to 20% rate and is calculated according to formula below:
- II = TEC (%) x Customs Value
Tax Over Industrialized Products
In Brazil there’s a table named TIPI, which is based on NCM that comprises products in which the Tax Over Industrialized Products is incident. The IPI is a federal tax incident over products subjected to any type of industrial process occurring in Brazil or abroad.
Despite its collection nature, the tax exists to equalize the costs of foreign industrialized products to national ones. The calculation basis for IPI are the customs value of the good added to the import tax value. Some products from chapter 21 and 22 of NCM are subjected to the tax for product unity or quantity. IPI is calculated by the formula below:
- IPI = TIPI (%) x (Customs Value + II)
PIS - Importation and Cofins - Importation
The federal social contributions PIS and Cofins finance the Brazilian social security and are also levied on imported goods. The social contributions have equal rates for national and foreign products. Usually the PIS - Importation rate are 1.65% and Cofins - Importation are equivalent to 7.6%. The calculation basis for both contributions is the customs value added to ICMS incident over the imports and to the contributions own values, since they are included in the final price of goods.
- PIS = PIS Rate x (Customs Value + ICMS + PIS + Cofins)
- Cofins = Cofins Rate x (Customs Value + ICMS + PIS + Cofins).
Additional Freight for the Renovation of the Merchant Marine
To support the development of marine merchants and the construction and recovery of the Brazilian naval industry, AFRMM was created by the Federal Government. Levied on unloading operations, the tax is charged at the following fixed rates:
- 25% for long distance sea transport
- 10% for coastal transport
- 40% for the river and lake transportation of liquid goods in bulk form transported to the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.
CIDE - Fuels
In order to regulate and adjust fuel prices in Brazil, the Federal Govenment created the CIDE - fuels, a tax levied on fuels and its derivatives importation and commercialization. The calculation basis for this tax is referent to commercialized quantity of the goods in tons or m³ added by the fixed rates below:
- Gasoline: 860.00 BRL per m³.
- Diesel: 390.00 BRL per m³.
- Kerosene (aviation fuel): 92.10 BRL per m³.
- Fuel oils: 40.90 per t.
- Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), including the one derived from natural gas and naphtha: 250.00 BRL per t.
- Ethanol fuel: 37.20 per m³.
- CIDE - Fuels = CIDE - Fuels Rate x Product Quantity
State Tax on Circulation of Goods and Services
Different from all other taxes mentioned until now, the ICMS is a State tax, which means that its rates vary from State to State. The tax is levied on the circulation of products in the Brazilian market and on interstate and intercity transportation or communication services. But ICMS is also charged over imported goods with rates varying from 0% to 25%. To calculate ICMS the customs value must be added to Import Tax, IPI, ICMS, any other taxes incidents over imported products and import duties, such as storage.
- ICMS = ICMS Rate (%) x (Customs Value + II + IPI + ICMS + Other Taxes + Import Duties)or
- ICMS = Alíquota ICMS(%) x (Customs Value + II + IPI + Other Taxes + Import Duties) / [1 – ICMS Rate (%)]
Tax for Siscomex Use
Any importer that aims to develop trade activities with Brazil must first apply for the Brazilian Integrated Foreign Trade System, most known as Siscomex. The system is an electronic platform where foreign merchandise transactions can be registered and controlled by the Brazilian Government. To use this platform, a fee is charged to the importer. The amount charged by Siscomex varies according to the NCM number of the products imported to Brazil. varying from 29.50 BRL to 185.00 BRL.
Come inviare soldi in Brasile - Send a Money in Brazil
Questo articolo è un vero e proprio vademecum su come inviare il denaro in Brasile . Per coloro che non conoscessero la lingua inglese consiglio l'uso del traduttore Google che per l'inglese funziona molto bene .
L'articolo è aggiornato ad oggi, Settembre 2013 e riporta tutti i metodi di trasferimento anche quelli meno conosciuti come l'E-account ed il Correio .
Investments in Brazil and the continuing foreign presence felt in the country increases every day. New investors from all parts of the world search the country in order to enter into contracts. However, there are some difficulties a foreigner can face when dealing with sending money to and from Brazil.
Brazilian Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy is, undoubtedly, the worst problem which foreigners will realize when they arrive in Brazil. There is a huge amount of repeated and usually unnecessary paperwork that has to be provided for business; every step takes much more than that it could and should. The bureaucratic system is such that Brazil had, during the final phase of the Military Dictatorship, from 1979 until 1986, a Ministry of Debureaucratization, in order to increase the public administration's efficiency.
According to the annual Doing Business report, made by World Bank Group in 2013; Brazil was ranked 130 out of 185 in the list of countries easiest to do business in – a decrease compared to 2012, when the country was in 128th position. The problems went from starting a business – which takes,on average, 122 days, while in Peru it takes 60 and in Chile, 32 – to how many days are necessary to spend paying taxes – which, in Brazil, corresponds to 156 days, almost half a year.
Transferring Money
There are many obstacles when sending money from Brazil abroad, despite all the different options that make this transaction very easily possible. In fact, this operation used to be a nightmare due to the country's bureaucracy and lack of options. Now it may be less of a nightmare but still proves testing because of the amount of details needed to be processed
IBAN
In February 2013, the Central Bank of Brazil regulated the use of IBAN, the International Bank Account Number, as an identification standard for international transfers of resources to bank accounts kept in Brazil. It facilitates the communication and processing of cross-border payment transactions.
The system was originally set up for use in the European Union but it is now used worldwide in many countries.The system has only recently been set up in Brazil, so from July 2013 on, financial institutions should provide the account identification to their clients in the IBAN format, and should accept the received transfers with the use of the referred code.
Western Union
Until recent years, the only company that could provide the money transferring service was Western Union, probably the most well-known in terms of remittance in the world. Using Western Union, the beneficiary doesn't have to pay any fees or taxes to withdraw the money. The sender is the one who has to fill out a form specifying the place, the amount of money and the name of who will receive it, plus pay the fee.
Then a Money Transfer Control Number is issued, and using it, it is possible to track the process on the internet. Less than 24 hours later, the money can be withdrawn in one of the 410,000 authorized agencies of the company spread through the world.
Bank Transfer By Payment Order
It is possible to send money abroad through a bank transfer, and in this case it is necessary to go to any agency and then ask for the remittance through a banker's order. By this means, the beneficiary is requested to have an account, and both the receiver and the sender would be charged for the service. To send money abroad, it is necessary to know the receiver's data,a bank code where the money will be withdrawn also known as a SWIFT code. Most banks already have some semi filled forms with the SWIFT number already included, available on their websites.
The disadvantage of this process is that both sender and receiver are charged. The banks abroad usually charge between USD 20 and USD 40, and the institutions in Brazil will deduct between USD 20 to USD 100 according to the amount being transferred.
Bank Account Abroad
It is also possible to transfer the money from/to an account abroad. It is not worth it to open an account only for this purpose, though. That's because sending money from one country to another follows the same logic of a bank transfer made by a banker's order, with the difference that in the last case both beneficiary and sender have an account in financial institutions. This means that besides paying the costs of the process itself, the client has to pay for the costs of opening the account and having all the taxes charged in a foreign currency.
The exception are banks in Brazil which provide the opportunity to open an account abroad in the same institution. HSBC Premier clients, whose monthly income passes BRL 7000 or who has investments of at least BRL 5000 in the bank have the possibility to send money abroad through internet banking. In this case, the monthly fee costs from BRL 45 to BRL 49 and there are no taxes for making the transference from one account to the other.
E-account
Foreigners who own a VISA credit card can open an account via internet at Caixa Econômica Federal to send money to Brazil. There will be a transfer tax of 2,5% of the amount transferred, and the money will be debited to the user's credit card.
To open the E-conta or E-account, it's necessary to live abroad, to be 18 years or older and to have a CPF. The activation of the account created online will only happen after the client sends an identity document or the passport to Caixa Econômica. This process must be finished within 30 days.The money then can be transferred to any Caixa's account in Brazil or be withdrawn in a preselected agency of the bank, in a way that the beneficiary doesn't have to be a current account holder. The limit for monthly remittances is of BRL 30,000 and each operation cannot pass BRL 10,000. The amount sent will get to the beneficiary in two working days.
Correios
It is also possible to transfer money, in dollars or euros, to 41 different countries, using the Post Office, through Vale Postal Eletrônico. In this case, it is necessary to have data from both sender and beneficiary. The most important forms of data are the identification documents of the sender, the name of the institution abroad to where the transfer will be made and both identification and address of the beneficiary.The maximum limit for remittances varies according to the agreements made between the nations. The maximum amount possible to send to Brazil is EUR 3,000, but it can also vary according to the agreements. This service is not available for receiving money from the United States. Regardless of the destination of the remittance; the price of the operation is BRL 35 plus 1,5% of the amount sent.
Both private people and legal entities can use this system to send money abroad. In the case of a private person, it is necessary to present:
CPF
ID card (RG) or Labor’s Card and Social Welfare or driver's license.
In the case of a legal entity, it is necessary to present CNPJ and Required Documents of the Individual Legal Representative.
It is important to notice that this service is not available for all countries,and that there is a limit of the amount of money that can be transferred according to the country where it is going to be send to. The list of countries and the amount which can be sent or received from them can be found in this link.
Cash
If the person is carrying BRL 10,000 or under or the equivalent amount in a foreign currency, there is no need to inform the authorities about the money. In cases where more than BRL 10,000 have to be transported, it is necessary to make the Declaração de Porte de Valores, DPV, at customs, which is a declaration that you are carrying a certain amount of money. There is no limit for it; no taxes or fees will be charged on the money.
Contracts
The details when making the contract are also essential to avoid loopholes or changes in what has been agreed previously. It is strictly necessary to avoid ambiguity and to make sure that all the exceptions for the cases are included in the contract, no matter how improbable they might be.
Written contracts are more preferable over verbal contracts if you can. Even though they are legally enforceable, it is very difficult to prove that some clause is right due to the simple fact that there are no clauses, so if what was agreed is not executed, there is no way to complain or prove that your complaint is valid. Unless you take someone to witness the handshake agreement, the advice is to stick to the old plan. In these cases, generally, the judges determine a fair solution to both parts of the case, but it is advisable to not take any unnecessary risks.
Razão Social vs. Nome FantasiaIn the case of legal entities, the process of receiving money has greater chances of going wrong than if it was with a natural person. That is because Brazilian companies have two different names – the razão social and the nome fantasia – and it is necessary to send money to a company using its razão social.
We can explain. Razão social is the company's register name. It is also known as nome comercial, denominação social or firma empresarial and is the name given to the legal entity. Nome fantasia, in its turn, also called nome de fachada or marca empresarial, is the popular name of a company. So, for instance, in Bahia, Ceará, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte, the company that manufactures and distributes Coca-Cola Company products is Norsa Refrigerantes Ltda. Coca-Cola is the nome fantasia, and Norsa Refrigerantes Ltda, the razão social. This means that if Coca-Cola has money from abroad to receive, it should be sent in the name of Norsa Refrigerantes Ltda, not in Coca-Cola's.
The problem is that, since foreigners are not used to this kind of register, they tend to send money to the company's nome fantasia, and then the remittance gets stuck in the bank for lack of matching data.
Track Your Remittance
Each bank has its own procedures, and in some of them there are people who manually check the information given in order to match to the remittance receiver in Brazil. Since this is not a rule and not all banks follow this procedure, it is necessary to keep track of the money and see whether it got stuck in the bank or whether it was sent back to the sender.
For this reason, it's important to notice that the receiver will not be warned if there is no match of information. It varies from bank to bank, but usually, the financial institutions will spend between 24 to 72 hours to release the money. If you know your company is about to receive money and haven't heard anything from the bank after 3 or 4 days, check if there wasn't a problem with the information given.
Also, keep in mind that it is not possible to pay in Brazil either in Brazilian Reais or in some other specific currencies, like Norwegian Crowns; in these cases, it's necessary to pay in dollars or euros.
Another important thing is that the IBAN of both sender and receiver need to be in the same currency – otherwise the information on the bank system won't match and the remittance will get stuck again
Fonte : Ana Gabriela Verotti di Thebrazilbusiness.com
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